What are electrical conductors and non-conductors
What are electrical conductors and non-conductors? How many types and what are they?
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| Conductors and non- conductors |
Conductive material
Materials through which electricity flows easily, without facing any particular obstacles, are called conductive materials or conductive materials.
Generally all metals are more or less good conductors of electricity. Examples include silver, copper, aluminum. Apart from metals, soil, animal bodies, carbon, coal act as carriers.
Properties of Electrically Conducting Materials
The properties of electrical conductors are:-
1) Should have low relative resistance.
2) Low temperature coefficient should be.
3) Corrosion resistance or durability should be.
4) The mechanical tension should be high.
5) Must have flexible qualities.
6) Must have rust resistance.
7) Should have aptitude for soldering
List of electrically conductive materials:
1.........Silver --------- 1.66----------0.004
2.........copper-------1.72------0.00428
3.........Aluminum-2.83.........0.00435
4.........Gold............2.48...............0.00377
5.........Tungsten......5.5.....................0.0051
6.........Zinc............6.2...................0.0037
7.........Cadmium...7.54..................0.004
8.........Brass...............6-8.................0.001
9.........Iron...................10................... .0.00625
10......tin...................11.3................. 0.0045
The uses of electrically conductive materials are:-
(a) Silver: As the price of silver is relatively high, its use is very less. Silver is used mainly in commutators of watt-hour meters, cartridge fuses and contacts in some electrical appliances.
(b) Copper: Super enamel copper wire is widely used in motor re-winding, electric cables, commutators of generators and overhead lines.
(c) Aluminium: Aluminum wire is widely used in overhead lines and underground lines as it is cheaper than copper wire.
(d) Lead: Lead is used in making cable sheaths, fuse wires, battery plates etc.
(e) Mercury: Mercury is used inside ampere hour meter, mercury vapor lamp, mercury arc rectifier and reel.
(f) Iron and Steel: Use of iron and steel is restricted. But it is used in auxiliary work.
Electrically conductive materials:-
Materials through which current cannot flow easily, encountering many obstacles in the flow path are called electrical conductors or insulators.
Current flow in non-conducting materials is relatively small and can be neglected in practical applications. Dry air, dry cloth, glass, dry wood, rubber, paper, ebonite, bakelite etc. work on non-conductive materials. Among these, wet wood, paper and cloth act as conveyors when wet.
Properties of electrical conductors:-
1) High insulation resistance.
2) Corrosion resistance or durability.
3) High dielectric strength.
4) Mechanical ability.
5) Inability to absorb moisture in the air.
6) Rust resistance.
List of electrically conductive materials:
1......asbestor............................3
2......Bakelite............................19-20
3.......Glass................................... 30-150
4......Ebonite...................................30-100
5......Gatta Parcha...................................8-20
6......Mica.......................................... 50-220
7......Oil impregnated paper..................20-50
8......dry paper...................................6-12
9......Paraffin...................................8-20
10......Polythene...................................24-40
11......Porcelain...................................6-12
12......rubber................................................ 16-50
13......Decomposing wood...................................0.5-1.0
Use of electrically conductive materials:
Use of different types of electrically conductive materials.
(a) Asbestor: It is a white fibrous non-combustible mineral. It is used in insulating materials to increase its insulating ability as the temperature rises.
(b) Mica: Its dielectric strength is very high. It is a non-combustible material and is used for insulation purposes in heating materials. Namely: It is used as insulation in heaters, hot-plates, irons, commutators of dynamo and motors.
(c) Glass: Generally glass is a good conductor. Glass is mostly used for the shell of bulbs and lamps. Glass insulators are also often used in direct power lines.
Name of electrical conductors and non-conductors.
Conductor of electricity: All materials through which electricity can flow are called conductors of electricity.
For example:
1) Copper.
2) Zinc.
3) Aluminum.
4) Gold.
5) Brass.
6) Iron.
7) Tin.
8) Nickel.
9) Lead.
10) Mercury.
Conductor of electricity: Metals or substances that cannot conduct electricity are called non-conductors or conductors of electricity.
For example:
1) Glass.
2) Polythene.
3) Plastic.
4) Mica.
5) Rubber.
6) Porcelain.
7) Dry wood.
etc.
